Looking at European energy storage from the German household storage market: maintaining cautious optimism According to EESA's forecast, the overall household savings scale in Europe in 2023 will be approximately 9.2GWh, and the German household savings market accounts for 47% of Europe's total scale, which has strong guiding significance. The cumulative installed capacity of energy storage in Germany will reach 7.4GW/11.5GWh in 2023, an increase of 3.5GW/5.3GWh from the end of 2022. The growth rate gradually slowed down in the second half of the year, from more than 200% in the middle of the year to -23% in December. In January 2024, Germany added 35.7MWh of large-scale storage capacity, 18.1MWh of industrial and commercial capacity, and 333.0MWh of household storage capacity; a total of 386.8MWh was added in the month, -10% year-on-year. The year-on-year growth rate is in a continuous downward trend, and has been negative for three consecutive months, confirming our previous cautious predictions for European energy storage. European electricity prices generally fall, and the impact of natural gas decreases According to TRADINGECONOMICS, the electricity prices of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, the top three energy storage installed countries in Europe, are 68.54/95.75/61.00 euros/MWh respectively. Although there are certain price fluctuations on a monthly basis, they are at a lower level than the peak during the energy crisis in 2022. Low shock. The natural gas price index quoted $1.6822/MMBtu last Friday and will continue to trend downward after the year. In the short term, it will be difficult for European electricity prices to rise significantly. Energy storage subsidy policy maintains bottom line for household storage demand in Europe Fluctuations in European electricity prices determine the upper limit of energy storage demand, while the subsidy intensity and stability of European policies maintain the lower limit of energy storage demand. Taking Italy as an example, from February to April 2023, the government suspended the Superbonus subsidy plan due to deficit pressure, and reduced the Superbonus subsidy intensity in 2024 and 2025 after restarting, causing construction at thousands of construction sites to come to a standstill. In the end, the government had to extend the Superbonus scheme to a limited extent. It can be seen that the current European energy storage market demand is relatively fragile and highly dependent on policies. Current policy disturbances will become the core contradiction of European energy storage demand.

Off-Grid Solar Systems Self-Sufficient Energy Solutions Photovoltaic off-grid systems not only provide a way to disconnect from the traditional grid, but also bring new possibilities to users in remote areas or who want to reduce their dependence on the public grid. This article takes an in-depth look at how off-grid solar systems work, their key components, and how they can become an important part of modern sustainable energy solutions. 01. What is an off-grid solar system? Off-grid solar systems, as the name suggests, are independently operating solar systems that do not rely on the traditional power grid. The core components of these systems include solar panels, battery packs, battery management systems (BMS) and inverters. Solar panels are responsible for capturing sunlight and converting it into electrical energy, while batteries are used to store this electrical energy for use when the sun is low or at night. The charge controller ensures that the battery is charged and discharged in a safe and efficient manner, while the inverter converts the DC power stored in the battery into AC power that can be used in the home or business. Off-grid systems are particularly suitable for remote areas or for those who want to be more self-sufficient, providing a means of energy supply that is independent of the traditional grid. 02. Core components of off-grid solar systems When delving into off-grid solar systems, it’s crucial to understand their core components. In this article, we will focus on off-grid solar power plants. Small off-grid solar systems such as solar lamps and lawn lamps are beyond the scope of this article. Off-grid solar power plants are made up of several key parts, each playing an integral role. The following are the main components of an off-grid solar power plant: 1. Solar panels: The core of the power station, responsible for capturing solar energy and converting it into electricity. The quality, efficiency and quantity of battery panels directly determine the overall performance of the power station. 2. Battery Management System (BMS): BMS is a key component of the power station and is responsible for managing the current sent to the battery pack to prevent the battery from overcharging or over-discharging and ensuring the long-term health and efficiency of the battery pack. 3. Battery bank: used to store the energy generated by solar panels during the day for use when there is no sunlight or when demand is peak. The type, capacity and number of batteries will determine the energy storage capacity of the plant. 4. Inverter: Converts DC power stored in the battery into AC power that can be used in a home or business. 5. Bracket and mounting system: To maximize the efficiency of solar panels, a stable and appropriately angled bracket system is required to mount the solar panels. 6. Monitoring systems: Modern off-grid power plants often include smart monitoring systems to track the performance of the plant in real time and make a...

As the core energy component of electric vehicles and various portable electronic devices, lithium batteries have become the first choice for modern energy solutions due to their high energy density, lightweight characteristics and good charging performance.However, the delicate nature of lithium batteries also places higher safety and performance requirements on their use. This is why the Battery Management System (BMS) has become a key technology to ensure the safety, efficiency and life of lithium batteries. 一.The necessity of security requirements The safety risks of lithium batteries are mainly reflected in three aspects: overcharge, over-discharge and overheating.In an overcharged state, metallic lithium may be produced inside the lithium battery, increasing the risk of thermal runaway, which may cause the battery to rupture or even explode.On the contrary, excessive discharge may cause irreversible damage to the battery's internal structure, thereby permanently reducing the battery's capacity and service life.In addition, when lithium batteries operate in high-temperature environments, their chemical reactions accelerate, further exacerbating the risk of thermal runaway.Therefore, BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery in real time and strictly controls the charging and discharging process to effectively prevent these risks and ensure the safe use of lithium batteries. 二. Diversity of functional requirement 1. Real-time monitoring of SOC Accurate information on battery status is crucial for convenient and efficient battery use.SOC (State of Charge, battery state of charge), one of the state quantities, reflects the remaining power of the battery and is of great significance for estimating the battery's cruising range and managing battery charging and discharging strategies.BMS uses high-precision algorithms to calculate and update SOC values in real time, providing users with accurate battery usage information to meet customers' needs for application performance.   2. Balanced management There are inevitable inconsistencies between battery cells in lithium battery packs. This inconsistency increases as the battery usage time increases, ultimately affecting the performance and life of the entire battery pack.By implementing a dynamic balancing strategy, BMS makes timely adjustments to the individual cells in the battery pack to maintain voltage consistency between cells, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery pack and extending its service life.   3. Temperature management The optimal operating temperature range of lithium-ion batteries is 25°C to 40°C. To sum up, the reason why lithium batteries require BMS is because BMS can not only effectively prevent and reduce the safety risks that may occur during the use of lithium batteries, but also optimize the working performance of the battery and extend the service life of the battery through refined management.

Content source: Energy Storage Technology School Batteries are one of the most important parts of electrochemical energy storage systems. With the reduction of battery costs and the improvement of battery energy density, safety and lifespan, energy storage has also ushered in large-scale applications. This article will help you understand energy storage Several important parameters of the battery. 01. Battery capacity Battery capacity is one of the important performance indicators for measuring battery performance. The capacity of a battery is divided into rated capacity and actual capacity. Under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, termination voltage, etc.), the amount of electricity released by the battery is called rated capacity (or Nominal capacity). Common units of capacity are mAh and Ah=1000mAh. Taking a 48V, 50Ah battery as an example, it means that the battery capacity is 48V×50Ah=2400Wh, which is 2.4 kilowatt-hours of electricity. 02. Battery discharge C rate C is used to indicate the battery charge and discharge capacity rate. Charge and discharge rate = charge and discharge current/rated capacity. For example: when a battery with a rated capacity of 100Ah is discharged at 50A, its discharge rate is 0.5C. 1C, 2C, and 0.5C are battery discharge rates, which are a measure of discharge speed. If the used capacity is discharged in 1 hour, it is called 1C discharge; if it is discharged in 2 hours, it is called 1/2=0.5C discharge. Generally, the capacity of the battery can be detected through different discharge currents. For a 24Ah battery, the 1C discharge current is 24A and the 0.5C discharge current is 12A. The larger the discharge current. The discharge time is also shorter. Usually when talking about the scale of an energy storage system, it is expressed by the maximum power of the system/system capacity (KW/KWh). For example, the scale of an energy storage power station is 500KW/1MWh. Here 500KW refers to the maximum charge and discharge of the energy storage system. Power, 1MWh refers to the system capacity of the power station. If the power is discharged with a rated power of 500KW, the capacity of the power station is discharged in 2 hours, and the discharge rate is 0.5C. 03. SOC (State of Charge) state of charge The battery's state of charge in English is State of Charge, or SOC for short. It refers to the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery after it has been used for a period of time or left unused for a long time and its capacity in the fully charged state. It is usually expressed as a percentage. Simply put, it is the remaining capacity of the battery. 04. DOD (Depth of Discharge) depth of discharge Depth of Discharge (DOD) is used to measure the percentage between battery discharge and battery rated capacity. For the same battery, the set DOD depth is inversely proportional to the battery cycle life. The deeper the discharge depth, the shorter the battery cycle life. Therefore, it is important to bala...